Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula and its surgical repair in an infant: A case report

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins. Iatrogenic trauma constitutes the majority of arterial traumas in childhood. The most common post-traumatic complications are AVF, arterial aneurysm/pseudoaneurysm, hematoma, thrombosis, arterial dissection, and acute limb ischemia. Some small AVFs close themselves without treatment. However, larger AVFs can be treated with surgery, endovascular stents, or ultrasound-guided compression. Herein, we present surgical management of a 22-month-old male infant with a high-flow AVF located between the right radial artery and the adjacent vein.